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Oracle UNIX
Kill Command Administration
Oracle UNIX/Linux Tips by Burleson Consulting |
The UNIX Kill command
As we noted in Chapter 1, there are times
when it is necessary to kill all Oracle processes, or a selected set
of Oracle processes. You may want to kill all Oracle processes
when the database is "locked" and he cannot enter server manager are
gracefully stop the database.
When you are forced to terminate Oracle on a
UNIX server, you have to perform the following steps:
1. Kill all Oracle processes associated with
the ORACLE_SID
2. Use the ipcs ?pmb command to identify all
held RAM memory segments, the then use the ipcrm ?m command to
release the RAM memory from UNIX.
3. (non_AIX) Use the ipcs -sa command to
display held semaphores and then use the ipcrm ?s command to release
the held semaphores for the instance
As we noted in Chapter 1, we can create a
single command to terminate all Oracle processes associated with
your hung database instance.
root> ps -ef|grep
$ORACLE_SID| \
grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -i kill -9 {}
We can then check for held memory using the
ipcs -pmb command and remove the memory held by the database:
root> ipcs
-pmb
IPC status from /dev/kmem as of Mon Sep 10 16:45:16 2001
T ID KEY
MODE OWNER GROUP SEGSZ
CPID LPID
Shared Memory:
m
24064 0x4cb0be18 --rw-r----- oracle dba 28975104
1836 23847
m 1 0x4e040002 --rw-rw-rw-
root root 31008 572 572
m 2 0x411ca945 --rw-rw-rw-
root root 8192 572
584
m 4611 0x0c6629c9 --rw-r----- root
root 7216716 1346 23981
m 4 0x06347849 --rw-rw-rw-
root root 77384 1346 1361
Here we see that the only RAM memory segment
owned by Oracle is ID=24064. The following command will
release this memory segment:
root>
ipcrm ?m 24064
Killing stubborn UNIX processes
There are times when a UNIX process cannot
be killed, even with the powerful kill -9 command. In these
cases, a special trick is required to force the UNIX task to
terminate. If you have a situation where a process continues
to display with the ps command, even after you have issued a kill -9
command against the process, you can use this trick.
The stubborn process can be killed by piping
the null device (/dev/null) to the ttyname as a part of the kill
command. The following command is indispensable when killing
stubborn UNIX tasks:
cat /dev/null > /dev/ttyname
kill ?9 pid#
Displaying Kernel Values in UNIX
UNIX has a wealth of kernel parameter that
are very important to the Oracle professional. The setting for
memory, semaphores and other kernel tuning parameters can have a
huge impact on the performance of the Oracle server. We will
begin with a general overview of the commands used to display kernel
values in each major dialect of UNIX.
Displaying Server Values in HP/UX
The HP/UX dialect of UNIX we have different
commands depending on the version of UP/UX that you are running.
In all versions of HP/UX, the lsdev command will display the names
of all of the devices on your UNIX server.
root>
lsdev
Character Block
Driver Class
0
-1 cn
pseudo
3
-1 mm
pseudo
16
-1 ptym
ptym
17
-1 ptys
ptys
27
-1 dmem
pseudo
28
-1 diag0
diag
46
-1 netdiag1
unknown
52
-1 lan2
lan
In HPUX v 11 the command is different.
Here we display all kernel parameters for an HP/UX version 11
server.
root>
kmtune
Parameter
Value
========================================================================
NSTRBLKSCHED 2
NSTREVENT
50
NSTRPUSH
16
NSTRSCHED
0
STRCTLSZ
1024
STRMSGSZ
65535
acctresume
4
acctsuspend 2
aio_listio_max 256
aio_max_ops
2048
aio_physmem_pct 10
aio_prio_delta_max 20
bufcache_hash_locks 128
bufpages
(NBUF*2)
chanq_hash_locks 256
create_fastlinks 0
dbc_max_pct 50
dbc_min_pct 5
default_disk_ir 0
desfree
0
dnlc_hash_locks 64
dontdump
0
dskless_node 0
dst
1
initmodmax
50
io_ports_hash_locks 64
iomemsize
40000
lotsfree
0
max_async_ports 50
max_fcp_reqs 512
max_mem_window 0
max_thread_proc 64
maxdsiz
0x04000000
maxdsiz_64bit
0x0000000040000000
maxfiles
60
maxfiles_lim 1024
maxqueuetime 0
maxssiz
0x00800000
maxssiz_64bit 0x00800000
maxswapchunks 512
maxtsiz
0x04000000
maxtsiz_64bit
0x0000000040000000
maxuprc
(NPROC-130)
maxusers
350
maxvgs
10
mesg
1
minfree
0
modstrmax
500
msgmap
(2+MSGTQL)
msgmax
8192
msgmnb
16384
msgmni
50
msgseg
2048
msgssz
8
msgtql
40
nbuf
0
ncallout
(16+NPROC)
ncdnode
150
nclist
(100+16*MAXUSERS)
ncsize
(NINODE+VX_NCSIZE)
ndilbuffers 30
netisr_priority -1
netmemmax 0
nfile
(90*(NPROC+16+MAXUSERS)/10+32+2*(NPTY+NSTRPTY+NSTRTEL))
nflocks
500
nhtbl_scale 0
public_shlibs 1
region_hash_locks 128
remote_nfs_swap 0
rtsched_numpri 32
scroll_lines 100
scsi_maxphys 1048576
sema
1
semaem
16384
semmap
(SEMMNI+2)
semmni
200
semmns
800
semmnu
30
semume
10
semvmx
32767
sendfile_max 0
shmem
1
shmmax
1073741824
shmmni
500
shmseg
300
st_ats_enabled 1
vx_ninode
0
vx_noifree
0
vxfs_max_ra_kbytes 1024
vxfs_ra_per_disk 1024
The kmtune command can be refined with the
grep command to only display desired classes of values. For
example, below, we add the grep command to only display shared
memory variables:
root>
kmtune|grep -i shm
shmem
1
shmmax
1073741824
shmmni
500
shmseg
300
Displaying Server Kernel values in AIX
UNIX
The basic command to display server values in AIX is the lsdev -C
command. This command will display all of the attached
components including disk, memory, CPU?s, busses and other hardware
components:
root>
lsdev -C
sys0
Available 00-00
System Object
sysplanar0 Available 00-00
System Planar
pci0 Available 00-fef00000
PCI Bus
pci1 Available 00-fed00000
PCI Bus
isa0 Available 10-58
ISA Bus
sa0 Available 01-S1
Standard I/O Serial Port
sa1 Available 01-S2
Standard I/O Serial Port
siokma0 Available 01-K1
Keyboard/Mouse Adapter
fda0 Available 01-D1
Standard I/O Diskette Adapter
scsi0 Available 10-60
Wide SCSI I/O Controller
pci2 Defined 20-78
PCI Bus
sioka0 Available 01-K1-00
Keyboard Adapter
sioma0 Available 01-K1-01
Mouse Adapter
hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-0,0
16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk1 Available 10-60-00-1,0
16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
lvdd Available
LVM Device Driver
mem0 Available 00-00
Memory
proc0 Available 00-00
Processor
proc1 Available 00-01
Processor
proc2 Available 00-02
Processor
proc3 Available 00-03
Processor
L2cache0 Available 00-00
L2 Cache
pmc0 Available 00-00
Power Management Controller
tty0 Available 01-S1-00-00
Asynchronous Terminal
rootvg Defined
Volume group
inet0 Available
Internet Network Extension
en2 Defined
Standard Ethernet Network
et0 Defined
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Network
lo0 Available
Loopback Network Interface
pty0 Available
Asynchronous Pseudo-Terminal
gxme0 Defined
Graphics Data Transfer Assist
rcm0 Defined
Rendering Context Manager
aio0 Available
Asynchronous I/O
ssa0 Available 10-70
IBM SSA 160 SerialRAID Adapter
ssa1 Available 20-60
IBM SSA 160 SerialRAID Adapter
ssar Defined
SSA Adapter Router
pdisk0 Available 10-70-3070-09-P SSA160
Physical Disk Drive
pdisk1 Available 10-70-34D0-12-P SSA160
Physical Disk Drive
hdisk2 Available 10-70-L
SSA Logical Disk Drive
hdisk3 Available 10-70-L
SSA Logical Disk Drive
pdisk8 Available 20-60-34D0-13-P SSA160
Physical Disk Drive
pdisk9 Available 20-60-34D0-15-P SSA160
Physical Disk Drive
hdisk10 Available 20-60-L
SSA Logical Disk Drive
hdisk11 Available 20-60-L
SSA Logical Disk Drive
enclosure0 Available 00-00-3070 SSA
Enclosure
enclosure1 Available 00-00-34D0 SSA
Enclosure
loglv03 Defined
Logical volume
lv04 Defined
Logical volume
loglv04 Defined
Logical volume
scsi1 Available 20-68
Wide SCSI I/O Controller
rmt0 Available 20-68-00-4,0
Differential SCSI DLT Tape Drive
rmt1 Available 20-68-00-5,0
Differential SCSI DLT Tape Drive
lus Available
Legato SCSI User Interface Release
To see the base values for the server in
AIX, you can enter the lsattr -El sys0 command. This is useful
for displaying UNIX kernel variables that are used by Oracle such as
maxuproc and maxbuf.
root>
lsattr -El sys0
keylock
normal State of system keylock at boot time
maxbuf 20
Maximum number of pages in block I/O BUFFER CACHE
maxmbuf 0
Maximum Kbytes of real memory allowed for MBUFS
maxuproc 200
Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user
autorestart false Automatically REBOOT
system after a crash
iostat true
Continuously maintain DISK I/O history
realmem 3137536 Amount of
usable physical memory in Kbytes
conslogin enable System Console
Login
fwversion IBM,L99071 Firmware version and revision
levels
maxpout 0
HIGH water mark for pending write I/Os per file
minpout 0
LOW water mark for pending write I/Os per file
fullcore false
Enable full CORE dump
rtasversion 1
Open Firmware RTAS version
modelname IBM,9076-WCN Machine name
systemid IBM,010013864 Hardware system identifier
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