Question: In
Oracle 12c, I see that users must start with a double pound
sign, like ##c
What do
I do when my instance looks up due to the log archive
destination getting full? I see this message,
indicating that the directory is full:
Answer: Oracle 12c has started
making the multi-tenant the default behavior, and
Oracle makes a distinction in multitenant databases for
local vs. "common" user ID's:
- COMMON USERS: Common user
ID's must always be created at the CDB level and start
with a C## or c## prefixes. Oracle does not recommend
that common users be used as schema owners.
- LOCAL USERS: Local
users can only be created at the PDB layer; also must
use the CONTAINER clause set to CURRENT for the user to
be created.
When creating a local (pdb) user, we must use the
"container" clause. Here, we move from the container
database to the pdb database (using the "alter session set
container" clause), and then create a pdb user:
alter session set container=my_pdb_name;
create user fred identified by
flintstone container=current;
Local users differ from common users in these respects:
- Local user ID's cannot create user ID's or grant
privileges.
- Local user ID's can grant local user accounts
common roles.
- Local user ID's must be unique within the
PDB.
- Local user ID's can be granted access to a common
user's schema.
- Local user ID's can be editions-enabled.
Common user ID's are created with the "container=all'
syntax, and a container user ID should not be used to create
schema tables. Also, only common users are capable of
navigating between PDB's.
Also, see my notes on
creating common users without the c##_prefix.
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