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Oracle Failover Options

Oracle Tips by Burleson Consulting

 

For cost issues see related notes on Oracle licensing Pricing and

Oracle standby database license requirements.

 

Many cost-conscious Oracle shops as how they can get Oracle failover as cheaply as possible.  Oracle has a wealth of failover options, each with its own costs and benefits:

 

·        Manual failover – allows Oracle SE, but has data loss and up to 30 minutes to recover

 

·        DataGuard – Requires Oracle EE, but automates the failover process to reduce downtime

 

·        Replication – Multi-master replication can allows the standby database to be open and accepting transactions, with DML cross-feeding each instance.  This requires Oracle EE and is only for databases with low DML rates.

 

·        Oracle Streams – High-speed replication from the Oracle log_buffer allows fast synchronization between servers.  Oracle Streams requires Oracle10g Enterprise Edition.

 

Let’s take a closer look at the cheapest solution, Oracle manual standby database.

 

Manual standby database

 

If you want to save money by using Oracle Standard Edition which does not have Oracle DataGuard, multimaster replication and Oracle Streams, a manual approach might work for you.  In this approach you write a daemon process on the OS that detects when the Oracle ARCH process has completed writing an archived redo log.  Then, the daemon uses FTP or rsh to move the archived redo to the standby database server where it is automatically accepted into the standby database because it remains in “recover database” mode.

 

The trick to this approach is to set the size of the online redo logs to minimize data loss.  This is done by examining the log switch rate for the Oracle database at its PEAK DML load.  For example, if you determine a size that has log switching every 5 minutes at peak load (with an average of, say 15 minutes, the maximum data loss is 15 minutes.

 

Many shops improve this mechanism with solid-state disk for the online redo logs and archived redo log filesystem, SSD can write up to 100 times faster, reducing recovery time by two orders of magnitude, reducing the maximum data loss from 15 minutes to less than one minute.  You can see details about RAM-disk for Oracle at this link:

 

http://www.storagesearch.com/texasmem-art1.html

 

In sum, the standby database approach has these issues:

 

            a) Allows Oracle Standard Edition (far cheaper than enterprise edition).

 

            b) Requires a license for the standby database.

 

c) If standby database is geographically removed, this also provides disaster recovery.

 

d) Recovery can take up to 15 minutes.

 

e) If the instance fails, the last redo log remains in the log buffer and online redo log files.  This means that there might be a small data loss.

 

f) Requires manual intervention to open the surviving standby database and re-direct incoming requests (via tnsnames.ora or Apache) ton the new server.

 Costs for standby database licenses

This Oracle license pricing document (as of March 16, 2006), notes that mall standby and failover database must be fully licensed if they might be used as production:

"Standby – In this type of recovery, a copy of the primary database is maintained on a separate server at all times. These systems are configured for disaster recovery purposes. If the primary database fails, the standby database is activated to act as the new primary database.

In this environment, both the primary and the standby databases must be fully licensed."

If you like Oracle tuning, you might enjoy my book "Oracle Tuning: The Definitive Reference", with 950 pages of tuning tips and scripts. 

You can buy it direct from the publisher for 30%-off and get instant access to the code depot of Oracle tuning scripts.


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Note: This Oracle documentation was created as a support and Oracle training reference for use by our DBA performance tuning consulting professionals. 
Feel free to ask questions on our Oracle forum.

Verify experience! Anyone considering using the services of an Oracle support expert should independently investigate their credentials and experience, and not rely on advertisements and self-proclaimed expertise. All legitimate Oracle experts publish their Oracle qualifications.

Errata?  Oracle technology is changing and we strive to update our BC Oracle support information.  If you find an error or have a suggestion for improving our content, we would appreciate your feedback.  Just  e-mail:  and include the URL for the page.
 
 


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